Consider the following statements about the arms used by Europeans in warfare in India:

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 1

(b) 2

(c) 3

(d) Nil

Answer: (b) 2

Explanation:

Statement 1: Correct

The flint-lock mechanism was an improvement over the earlier match-lock firearms. Unlike the match-lock, which relied on a burning match-cord that could easily be extinguished by rain or damp conditions, the flint-lock used a spark produced by a flint striking steel to ignite the gunpowder. This more enclosed and reliable design allowed the weapon to function effectively even in wet or adverse weather.

Statement 2: Correct

The introduction of the bayonet, particularly the socket bayonet, transformed the musket into a versatile weapon. Soldiers could use it as both a firearm and a spear, making muskets highly effective in close combat. This innovation gradually eliminated the need for traditional pike-men on the battlefield, significantly enhancing infantry tactics.

Statement 3: Incorrect

Early wrought-iron and cast-iron cannon barrels were extremely heavy, bulky, and difficult to maneuver, which limited their effectiveness on the battlefield. Their lack of mobility made them less practical compared to lighter brass or bronze field guns, which were easier to transport and deploy during combat.

Answer: (b) 2