by Q. Consider the following statements:
UPSC Civil Services Examination (Prelims) 2025 – General Studies Paper I
Which of the statements given above are not correct?
(a) I and II only
(b) II and III only
(c) I and III only
(d) I, II and III
Answer: (a) I and II only
Explanation:
The Indian Railways is implementing two key initiatives: the National Rail Plan (NRP) and the ‘Kavach’ Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system, both aimed at modernizing railway infrastructure and enhancing safety.
Statement I: Incorrect. The NRP is designed to develop a ‘future-ready’ railway system by 2030, not 2028. It focuses on meeting passenger and freight demand up to 2050 and aims to increase the railways’ freight modal share to 45%. The plan also covers investment planning, capacity building, and infrastructure upgrades.
Statement II: Incorrect. The Kavach system is an indigenous ATP technology developed by the Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO) of Indian Railways, with no German collaboration involved.
Statement III: Correct. Kavach uses RFID tags on tracks, particularly in station sections, which work with onboard and trackside equipment to detect train positions and automatically apply brakes in case of collisions, signal violations, or overspeeding.
Answer: (a) I and II only
