by Q. Consider the following types of vehicles:
UPSC Civil Services Examination (Prelims) 2025 – General Studies Paper I
I. Full battery electric vehicles
II. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
III. Fuel cell-electric hybrid vehicles
How many of the above are considered as alternative powertrain vehicles?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All the three
(d) None
Answer: (c) All the three
Explanation:
All three vehicle types use non-conventional power sources instead of internal combustion engines:
- Full battery EVs: Use only electric power
- Hydrogen fuel cell: Generate electricity onboard using hydrogen
- Fuel cell-electric hybrids: Combine fuel cells with electric battery support
Answer: (c) All the three
